WordNet sense 1 (the condition of being unable to perform as a consequence of physical or mental unfitness):

disability, disablement, impairment

WordNet sense 2 (something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress):

balk, check, deterrent, hindrance, impediment, baulk, hinderance

WordNet sense 3 (put at a disadvantage):

hamper, hinder, hinder

WordNet sense 4 (injure permanently):

disable, incapacitate, invalid, invalid