WordNet sense 1 (draw from specific cases for more general cases):

extrapolate, generalize, generalise

WordNet sense 2 (conclude by reasoning; in logic):

deduce

WordNet sense 3 (reason by deduction; establish by deduction):

deduct, derive

WordNet sense 4 (guess correctly; solve by guessing):

guess

WordNet sense 5 (believe to be the case):

understand