Synonyms for Stricken (same or very similar meaning)
WordNet sense 1 (put out of action (by illness)):
laid low
WordNet sense 2 (grievously affected especially by disease):
afflicted
WordNet sense 3 (affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function):
ill, sick
WordNet sense 4 ((used in combination) affected by something overwhelming):
smitten, struck
WordNet sense 5 (acted upon; influenced):
affected
From the ODE community, based on WordNet
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