LV afterload is directly related to LV transmural pressure.    From Wordnik.com.  [Recently Uploaded Slideshows] Reference

A recent study on intrauterine growth restriction in human fetuses indicated that increases in cardiac afterload and end-diastolic filling pressure were the most important effects on the cardiovascular system.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

An afterload-independent effect of VEGF in the development of cardiac disease is supported by the finding that administration of VEGF to normoxic embryos, which theoretically decreases cardiac afterload, also induced LV dilatation and contractile dysfunction.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

(diuresis) and preload and afterload reduction (vasodilation).    From Wordnik.com.  [The Earth Times Online Newspaper] Reference