In the expression 5-3, 3 is the subtrahend. From LearnThat.org.
It may seem a matter of trivial importance whether the pupil increases the subtrahend number or decreases the minuend number when he subtracts digits that involve taking or borrowing; and yet investigation proves that to increase the subtrahend number is by far the simpler process, and eliminates both a source of waste and a source of error, which, in the aggregate, may assume a significance to mental economy that is well worth considering. From Wordnik.com. [Craftsmanship in Teaching] Reference
To these add end, and, andum, denoting that which ought or is to receive the act of the verb; as, reverend, multiplicand, subtrahend, minuend, dividend, memorandum, that which ought or is to be revered, multiplied, divided, subtracted, diminished, remembered. From Wordnik.com. [The Scholar's Spelling Assistant; Wherein the Words Are Arranged on an Improved Plan, According to Their Respective Principles of Accentuation. In a Manner Calculated to Familiarize the Art of Spelling and Pronunciation, to Remove Difficulties, and to Facilitate General Improvement Intended for the Use of Schools and Private Tuition] Reference
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