There's also the vocative case, which is missing in modern Russian. From LearnThat.org. [yourdictionary.com]
vocative verb endings. From Wordnet, Princeton University.
For Rosenstock-Huessy, the vocative is the condition of dialogue and hence the real condition of a new truth. From Wordnik.com. [Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy] Reference
Nominative for vocative.a. The use of the nominative for the vocative was a colloquialism in classical Greek. From Wordnik.com. [A Grammar of Septuagint Greek] Reference
Daksha is a vocative, meaning 'possessed of cleverness.'. From Wordnik.com. [The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 3 Books 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12] Reference
Your "vocative" explanation does help, but it does not convince. From Wordnik.com. [The etymology of Latin tofus 'tufa' isn't written in stone] Reference
Burdwan Pundits are right in taking it as a vocative. From Wordnik.com. [The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 2 Books 4, 5, 6 and 7] Reference
The last of the verse is a nom.sing. and not a vocative. From Wordnik.com. [The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 2 Books 4, 5, 6 and 7] Reference
The Bengal reading Devesa, in the vocative, is incorrect. From Wordnik.com. [The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18] Reference
Always good to see a modern writer using the vocative case. From Wordnik.com. [An Apostrophe to the Apostrophe] Reference
Visarga after Yudhishthira must be dropped to make it a vocative. From Wordnik.com. [The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 2 Books 4, 5, 6 and 7] Reference
"Oh-h-h!" said Miss Leare, prolonging her breath upon the vocative. From Wordnik.com. [Lippincott's Magazine of Popular Literature and Science, Vol. XVI., December, 1880.] Reference
He ignored the vocative and said coldly, "What about our expenses?". From Wordnik.com. [Podkayne Of Mars]
Tania was there alone; the pro - vocative serf secretary was absent. From Wordnik.com. [Unicorn Point]
The vocative, 'O foremost of regenerate ones' applies to Jamadagni's son. From Wordnik.com. [The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18] Reference
The vocative provokes the conversation™, he says in Ja und Nein (1968, 25). From Wordnik.com. [Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy] Reference
The poetry is an event of overflow, from the vocative O listen as a phonics for. From Wordnik.com. [Sounding Romantic: The Sound of Sound] Reference
Scottish has four grammatical cases: nominative, genitive, dative and vocative. From Wordnik.com. [The Celtic Languages: the Richness of the Isles] Reference
Other matrons, vocative, surrounded the circle, momentarily cutting off his view. From Wordnik.com. [The Nest Builder] Reference
Leyla in Azerbaijan forgets to use the vocative case; perhaps she wasn't briefed. From Wordnik.com. [Answers to the previous quiz] Reference
The correct reading, however, is Rujendra in the vocative case as in the Bombay edition. From Wordnik.com. [The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 2 Books 4, 5, 6 and 7] Reference
The vocative means: turn around and face me; we want to talk with each other for a while. From Wordnik.com. [Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy] Reference
"The identity of form between the nominative, accusative, and vocative cases in the neuter.". From Wordnik.com. [Higher Lessons in English A work on english grammar and composition] Reference
But such vocative wording emerges there as a homophone of presence itself, the voice degree zero. From Wordnik.com. [Phonemanography: Romantic to Victorian] Reference
It is true in the speech the vocative 'Brahman' occurs, but we may easily take it as a slip of this pen. From Wordnik.com. [The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 3 Books 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12] Reference
Similarly, Pandavas in 58 should be Pandava, a vocative and not a nominative upakramat should be upakrama. From Wordnik.com. [The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 2 Books 4, 5, 6 and 7] Reference
Some of the Bengal texts read anugraham (making the initial a silent after maharshe, in the vocative case). From Wordnik.com. [The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 2 Books 4, 5, 6 and 7] Reference
The Bombay edition prints it without the Visarga, implying that it is in the vocative case, referring to Dhritarashtra, the listener. From Wordnik.com. [The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 2 Books 4, 5, 6 and 7] Reference
The former is used only before the vocative case, and never has a mark of exclamation, or indeed any point, placed immediately after it. From Wordnik.com. ["Stops", Or How to Punctuate A Practical Handbook for Writers and Students] Reference
The alternative is to take it as a vocative referring to Sleep. From Wordnik.com. [Post-Augustan Poetry From Seneca to Juvenal] Reference
It will be observed that the prefix Hil marks the vocative case. From Wordnik.com. [The Coming Race] Reference
Sudley! "in prolonged and dreary vocative," I 'lowed ye war a godly woman. From Wordnik.com. [The Moonshiners At Hoho-Hebee Falls 1895] Reference
` Daughter 'and ` Niece,' in the vocative, are never heard amongst us now. From Wordnik.com. [Clare Avery A Story of the Spanish Armada] Reference
She was smiling up at him, and once more she used that wantonly inaccurate vocative. From Wordnik.com. [The Flirt] Reference
In the Spanish of the ballads the article is regularly used with a noun in the vocative. From Wordnik.com. [Modern Spanish Lyrics] Reference
The letter "E" placed in front of them is used by the Maoris to denote the vocative, and. From Wordnik.com. [John Rutherford, the White Chief] Reference
O used as a vocative or to express a desire or imprecation does not call for an exclamation. From Wordnik.com. [Punctuation A Primer of Information about the Marks of Punctuation and their Use Both Grammatically and Typographically] Reference
So the imperative of the verb is often used, and in that case, the deity is in the vocative case. From Wordnik.com. [The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria] Reference
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