Subjects then repeated the experiment 12 times, with one group receiving so-called anodal tDCS.    From Wordnik.com.  [Medindia Health News] Reference

Subjects were unable to distinguish anodal or cathodal tDCS.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

To do so, in 60 healthy subjects we delivered anodal and cathodal tDCS to the VPC.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

Both groups of stimulation were in turn subdivided in two groups, anodal and cathodal.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

A central point to clarify is how anodal and cathodal tDCS differentially modify utilitarian choices.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

Hence cathodal and anodal tDCS both induce a functional brain system imbalance through the same mechanism.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

The female susceptibility to the effects of anodal VPC-tDCS we found in utilitarian responses could arise in several ways.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

In females, cathodal VPC-tDCS tended to decrease whereas anodal VPC-tDCS significantly increased utilitarian responses (p = .005).    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

In accordance with this point of view, in our study anodal tDCS had the same effect as a lesion in the ventral portion of the frontal cortex.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

Whereas tDCS left response patterns to the moral judgment task in males unchanged, in females anodal VPC-tDCS increased the utilitarian responses for all types of dilemmas tested.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

For example, the gender-related effects of tDCS on utilitarian judgments might agree with the known gender specificity in the effects of cathodal and anodal tDCS on brain excitability.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

The polarity of the current applied to the scalp determines the effects of tDCS on the underlying tissue: anodal tDCS increases excitability, whereas cathodal tDCS decreases excitability.    From Wordnik.com.  [BioMed Central - Latest articles] Reference

The effects of tDCS are relatively more diffuse than rTMS - anodal tDCS increases activity in a large cortical area, which could unnaturally compete with the semantic centers associated with ATL.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

Because preliminary experiments showed that during VPC-tDCS subjects reported a mild itching sensation and a metallic taste, we did not use sham stimulation but we only compared anodal vs. cathodal tDCS.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

Research has shown that applying anodal tDCS to the non-dominant motor cortex can improve motor performance for the non-dominant hand, presumably by means of changes in synaptic plasticity between neurons.    From Wordnik.com.  [BioMed Central - Latest articles] Reference

We therefore conclude that anodal and cathodal tDCS both interfere with rational decisions, or rational evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of each option in both sexes, but do so more strongly in females.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

Note that whereas in males after VPC-tDCS utilitarian responses remained statistically unchanged, in females, after anodal VPC-tDCS utilitarian responses significantly increased. doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0008865.g001.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

We propose that simultaneously applying cathodal tDCS over the dominant motor cortex and anodal tDCS over the non-dominant motor cortex produced an additive effect, which facilitated motor performance in the non-dominant hand.    From Wordnik.com.  [BioMed Central - Latest articles] Reference

However, whereas cathodal tDCS alters the time of utilitarian reasoning in both sexes, anodal stimulation interferes more incisively, modifying utilitarian reasoning and its possible consequent actions, also in a gender-specific way.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

For each item, the response of a given subject, a given stimulation (anodal, cathodal VPC-tDCS and anodal, cathodal OC-tDCS) and a given time (pre, post tDCS) was coded as 0 (non-utilitarian) or 1 (utilitarian) and the corresponding RT was entered.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

We hypothesized that stimultaneously applying cathodal tDCS over the dominant motor cortex and anodal tDCS over the non-dominant motor cortex would have a greater effect on finger sequence performance for the non-dominant hand, compared to stimulating only the non-dominant motor cortex.    From Wordnik.com.  [BioMed Central - Latest articles] Reference

Yet, because dopamine is an anionic catecholamine that during electrophoresis migrates toward the anode, anodal VPC-tDCS could increase dopamine levels in the frontal lobe, influencing the reward circuit and ultimately altering decisional processes, increasing the rate of utilitarian responses.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

Our experiments indicate that tDCS-induced changes in utilitarian reasoning are site-specific and that both anodal and cathodal VPC-tDCS differentially modified subjects 'performance in the moral judgment task, suggesting that the effects are specific and depend on factors other than skin perception.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

This possibility notwithstanding, even if in studies investigating tDCS-induced changes in primary cortices anodal stimulation delivered close to neurons depolarizes the neuronal membrane and cathodal stimulation hyperpolarizes it, cognitive studies leave the relation between polarity and the effects on the neuronal membrane unclear.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

Indeed this defocusing effect induced by excitability enhancing anodal tDCS has been shown by other studies In summary, the interpretation is different for tDCS and rTMS - whereas 1 Hz rTMS can be compared to a virtual lesion experiment, the results with tDCS need to be seen differently. tDCS should be seen as recruiting alternative areas and therefore decreasing inhibition by direct competition with high-efficient cortical circuits associated with semantic processing.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

Whereas RTs for utilitarian responses after OC-tDCS decreased to a similar extent after anodal or cathodal tDCS ( "Type of tDCS x Time".    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

Sidak comparisons indicated that the RTs reduction was significantly larger after cathodal than after anodal tDCS (p Neither the mood nor happiness VAS differed between genders (Mood: F.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference

Sixteen right-handed participants underwent three stimulation conditions: 1) dual-hemisphere - with anodal tDCS over the non-dominant motor cortex, and cathodal tDCS over the dominant motor cortex, 2) uni-hemisphere - with anodal tDCS over the non-dominant motor cortex, and 3) sham tDCS.    From Wordnik.com.  [BioMed Central - Latest articles] Reference

"bilateral stimulation"); 2) anodal (+) left anterior temporal lobe / cathodal (−) right anterior lobe - however the size of cathodal electrode in this condition was 100 cm.    From Wordnik.com.  [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference