The young branches, deprived of their pith, form good pipe-stems, see Cliftonia; and the bark, with copperas, yields a purple dye.    From Wordnik.com.  [Resources of the Southern Fields and Forests, Medical, Economical, and Agricultural. Being also a Medical Botany of the Confederate States; with Practical Information on the Useful Properties of the Trees, Plants, and Shrubs] Reference

The stem of the black walnut is easily perforated, and like the titi (Cliftonia) is much used for pipe-stems among the soldiers in camp.    From Wordnik.com.  [Resources of the Southern Fields and Forests, Medical, Economical, and Agricultural. Being also a Medical Botany of the Confederate States; with Practical Information on the Useful Properties of the Trees, Plants, and Shrubs] Reference

Buckwheat-tree Cliftonia monophytta 290.    From Wordnik.com.  [The Field Guide to Wildlife Habitats of the Eastern United States] Reference