The simple glandless, "straight through" construction without valves, vanes or impellers, has clear advantages in handling viscous sludges liable to contain rag type or other solids which cause blockages, while the ability to impart minimal shear, combined with the high levels of volumetric accuracy when handling additives such as polyelectrolyte, is important in terms of both efficient flocculation and additive consumption.    From Wordnik.com.  [edie.net - Latest News] Reference

He said designing polyelectrolyte modifiers in which the charge, size and ability to repel water can be systematically varied would allow researchers to create the equivalent of.    From Wordnik.com.  [EurekAlert! - Breaking News] Reference

The result is that it's hydrodynamic radius decreases by a factor of 10000 and it's conformation into that of a tightly packed cigar, subsequently increasing the charge on the polyelectrolyte keeps the cigar shape more or less in tact but its radius increases again according to coulomb interaction.    From Wordnik.com.  [Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium - Recent changes [en]] Reference