How about when the final gene mutation in the proto-oncogene occurs?. From Wordnik.com. [The Volokh Conspiracy » Shouldn’t Donations to the American Cancer Society] Reference
The RET proto-oncogene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and Hirschsprung's disease. From Wordnik.com. [Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2] Reference
Capecchi, M.R. Disruption of the proto-oncogene int-2 in mouse embryo-derived stem cells: a general strategy for targeting mutations to non-selectable genes. From Wordnik.com. [The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Advanced Information] Reference
The viral promoter or other transcription regulation elements in turn cause overexpression of that proto-oncogene, which in turn induces uncontrolled cellular proliferation. From Wordnik.com. [Why deny only one part of science? IDists branch out into AIDS denial - The Panda's Thumb] Reference
In contrast, in slowly-transforming viruses, the virus genome is inserted, especially as viral genome insertion is an obligatory part of retroviruses, near a proto-oncogene in the host genome. From Wordnik.com. [Why deny only one part of science? IDists branch out into AIDS denial - The Panda's Thumb] Reference
The MET proto-oncogene is activated in a variety of tumor malignancies. From Wordnik.com. [PhysOrg.com - latest science and technology news stories] Reference
The molecular mechanism revealed provides insight into how proto-oncogene. From Wordnik.com. [Journal of Biological Chemistry current issue] Reference
Candidate proto-oncogene expression and promoter demethylation in other human cancer types. From Wordnik.com. [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference
KIT has been identified as a proto-oncogene, and has been previously implicated in glioblastoma. From Wordnik.com. [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference
Watt PM, Kumar R, Kees UR (2000) Promoter demethylation accompanies reactivation of the HOX11 proto-oncogene in leukemia. From Wordnik.com. [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference
Liu X, Hu Y, Hao C, Rempel SA, Ye K (2007) Pike-a is a proto-oncogene promoting cell growth, transformation and invasion. From Wordnik.com. [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference
We then wanted to determine if promoter homology was associated with the linked expression of the two proto-oncogene clusters. From Wordnik.com. [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference
The Skp2 E3-ubiquitin ligase can act as a proto-oncogene and its aberrant overexpression is frequently observed in human cancers. From Wordnik.com. [Naturejobs - All Jobs] Reference
As per scientists at The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, the MET proto-oncogene is activated in a variety of tumor malignancies. From Wordnik.com. [Daily News & Analysis] Reference
Klein RC, Oka M, Cowan KH (1995) Posttranscriptional regulation of the c-myb proto-oncogene in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. From Wordnik.com. [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference
Splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 1 (SFRS1), the gene encoding SF2/ASF, is a potent proto-oncogene with abnormal expression in many tumors. From Wordnik.com. [Naturejobs - All Jobs] Reference
The BRAF gene encodes B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase, a protein involved in cell signaling and cellular growth and differentiation. From Wordnik.com. [FierceBiotech] Reference
In one mechanism, promoter / enhancer elements of one gene are rearranged adjacent to a proto-oncogene, thus causing altered expression of an oncogenic protein. From Wordnik.com. [HHMI News] Reference
The genetic cause of this form of cancer is known - it is caused by mutations in a structure called the RET proto-oncogene - and genetic testing is commercially available. From Wordnik.com. [NYT > Home Page] Reference
In proliferating cells, pol III transcription is stimulated by the proto-oncogene product c-Myc and the mitogen-activated protein kinase Erk, both of which bind to TFIIIB. From Wordnik.com. [BioMed Central - Latest articles] Reference
Cycles of depalmitoylation and repalmitoylation critically control the steady-state localization and function of various peripheral membrane proteins, such as Ras proto-oncogene products. From Wordnik.com. [Naturejobs - All Jobs] Reference
It is possible that in certain tissues this may result in reactivation of developmentally repressed proto-oncogene targets, with the unintended effect of promoting late, second primary tumors. From Wordnik.com. [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference
To determine if candidate proto-oncogene expression was altered in a broader range of tumor types, we analyzed expression data available through the expO datasets for 1041 human tumors of all histologies. From Wordnik.com. [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference
Certain molecular abnormalities under the form of proto-oncogene alterations, LOH of putative tumor suppressor genes and mutations of tumor suppressor genes are thought to represent the genetic background of metaplastic and dysplastic changes. From Wordnik.com. [Health News from Medical News Today] Reference
We noted coordinated promoter demethylation and simultaneous transcriptional upregulation of proto-oncogene candidates with promoter homology, and phylogenetic footprinting of these promoters demonstrated potential recognition sites for the transcription factor BORIS. From Wordnik.com. [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference
Heterogeneous patterns of proto-oncogene activation have been noted, and traditional approaches such as determining average fold differences, t-tests, and other techniques may fail to define significant alterations in expression for specific genes in high-throughput array approaches. From Wordnik.com. [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference
Aberrant BORIS expression correlated with upregulation of candidate proto-oncogenes in multiple human malignancies including primary non-small cell lung cancers and HNSCC, induced coordinated proto-oncogene specific promoter demethylation and expression in non-tumorigenic cells, and transformed NIH3T3 cells. From Wordnik.com. [PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles] Reference
The finding that the natural suppression of the Cyclin G1 gene is lost in cancer cells is not at all surprising to scientists at Epeius Biotechnologies, who first identified the human Cyclin G1 gene as a proto-oncogene in 1994, demonstrated its therapeutic potential in a comprehensive series of landmark studies (1995-2005), and designed the sophisticated dominant-negative "knockout" construct embodied in the powerful anti-cancer agent Rexin-G (see Gordon and Hall, Intl.J. Oncology, 2009). From Wordnik.com. [Health News from Medical News Today] Reference
A wayward version of a normal cellular gene (which we would now call a proto-oncogene), pirated into the retroviral genome by recombination (in a sequence of events known as transduction), and converted to a cancer gene by mutation. From Wordnik.com. [J. Michael Bishop - Autobiography] Reference
Using a genetic model of inducible melanoma, you will: i) Identify the immune cells that recognize signs of early melanocyte transformation; ii) Define the spatiotemporal distribution of ligands on melanocytes expressing the Braf proto-oncogene; iii) Define the impact Braf has on ligand expression by human and murine melanoma cells. From Wordnik.com. [Naturejobs - All Jobs] Reference
Pim-3, a proto-oncogene with serine. From Wordnik.com. [Naturejobs - All Jobs] Reference
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