When the lips are not tightly closed the sound produced is not a stop, but a spirant like the. From Wordnik.com. [Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon"] Reference
In Late Latin there was a tendency to this spirant pronunciation which appears as early as the beginning of the 2nd century. From Wordnik.com. [Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon"] Reference
For (archaic) Sindarin a sign for a spirant m (or nasal v) was required, and since this could best be provided by a reversal of the sign for m, the reversible No. 6 was given the value m, but No. 5 was given the value hw. From Wordnik.com. [The Lord of the Rings]
In the rearrangement of the Angerthas the following principles are observable (evidently inspired by the Fëanorian system): (1) adding a stroke to a branch added ‘voice’; (2) reversing the certh indicated opening to a ‘spirant’; (3) placing the branch on both sides of the stem added voice and nasality. From Wordnik.com. [The Lord of the Rings]
That the spirant J was in all cases pronounced as Y there is scarcely room for doubt. From Wordnik.com. [The History of Roman Literature From the earliest period to the death of Marcus Aurelius] Reference
Between vowels b and g have usually been kept, the former as a bilabial spirant: in more popular treatment d has disappeared. From Wordnik.com. [The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 14: Simony-Tournon] Reference
However, make sure to check the contents of the anti-per spirant as the presence of aluminum chloride is necessary to avoid this sweat condition. From Wordnik.com. [EzineArticles] Reference
After Lat. i the v disappeared (rivus-um, Span. rio), but in most other cases it remained as a bilabial spirant euqal in balue to originally intervocalic b (novus-um, Span. nuevo). From Wordnik.com. [The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 14: Simony-Tournon] Reference
The d, too, initially, medially, and at the end of the word, has lost much of its explosive energy and become practically a spirant; in fact in the final position it is seldom heard in popular pronunciation. From Wordnik.com. [The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 14: Simony-Tournon] Reference
Luna parens mensum numerosa prole renascens: tu biiugos stellante polos ab Sole gubernas, te redeunte dies fraternus colligit horas; 5 te pater Oceanus renouato respicit amne, te spirant terrae, tu uinclis Tartara cingis; tu sistro resonas, Brimo, tu cymbala quassas. From Wordnik.com. [To the Moon] Reference
E. down to the fifteenth century, the initial b remained the stop or explosive (like English b) that it was in Latin, it has become in more recent times a bilabial spirant and as such is now co-equal with the Spanish v, which early gained this value both initially and medially. From Wordnik.com. [The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 14: Simony-Tournon] Reference
Cernis ut adtrito diffusus caespite pagus15 annua uota ferat sollemnisque imbuat aras? spirant templa mero, resonant caua tympana palmis. From Wordnik.com. [Redeunt Saturnia Regna] Reference
This has long been forgotten; but it is still said in Welsh, in North Wales, that a very rich man is a regular clwch, which is pronounced with the guttural spirant, which was then (in the. From Wordnik.com. [Life of Johnson]
'unus adhuc scrupulus habet animum meum, ne sub obtentu priscæ literaturæ renascentis caput erigere conetur Paganismus, ut sunt inter Christianos qui titulo pæne duntaxat Christum agnoscunt, ceterum intus Gentilitatem spirant' -- Letter 207. From Wordnik.com. [Renaissance in Italy, Volume 1 (of 7) The Age of the Despots] Reference
Latin, a labio-dental spirant (English f). From Wordnik.com. [The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 14: Simony-Tournon] Reference
Quam tacitæ spirant auræ! vultusque nitentes. From Wordnik.com. [Poems of Henry Vaughan, Silurist, Volume II] Reference
The raising of the stem indicated the opening of the consonants to a ‘spirant’: thus assuming the above values for Grade 1, Grade 3 (9-12) = th, f, sh, ch (or th, f, kh, khw/hw), and Grade 4 (13-16) = dh, v, zh, gh (or dh, v, gh, ghw/w). From Wordnik.com. [The Lord of the Rings]
Ossa, Caucasus, Atlas, be so high as Pliny, Solinus, Mela relate, above clouds, meteors, ubi nec aurae nec venti spirant (insomuch that they that ascend die suddenly very often, the air is so subtile,) 1250 paces high, according to that measure of Dicearchus, or 78 miles perpendicularly high, as Jacobus Mazonius, sec. From Wordnik.com. [Anatomy of Melancholy] Reference
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