He said claims the ink was too recent because it contained a substance called anatase titanium dioxide could be rejected because medieval maps have been found with the same substance, which probably came from sand used to dry wet ink.    From Wordnik.com.  [Signs of the Times] Reference

Pigments used included Prussian blue, first synthesized in 1704, and synthetic anatase (titanium dioxide), first created as pure white in 1923.    From Wordnik.com.  [Pigment Microscopy] Reference

Rutile is made up mostly of titanium dioxide with two rarer polymorphs anatase or octahedrite, which is a tetragonal mineral of pseudo-octahedral habit, and brookite, which is an orthorhombic mineral, the Doctor explained to her.    From Wordnik.com.  [Update] Reference

International Conference on the History of Cartography in Copenhagen, Larsen proposed a possible explanation for the ink's anatase.    From Wordnik.com.  [Scientific American] Reference

The map's parchment dates to circa 1434, but scientists say that the underlying yellow-brown ink has a chemical component, anatase, that indicates a.    From Wordnik.com.  [Scientific American] Reference

According to Purchasingdata. com, rutile titanium dioxide prices are down from a recent peak in November, while the price of anatase has been steady for the past six months.    From Wordnik.com.  [Purchasing - Top Stories] Reference

"The problem is if the anatase … came out of gneiss or any other natural source, it is going to have a totally different appearance than the anatase that appears on the Vinland map ink," he notes.    From Wordnik.com.  [Scientific American] Reference

Rutile, anatase, brookite, titanite (sphere), ilmenite.    From Wordnik.com.  [13. Glaze oxides] Reference